17th Century Timeline, 1600 Through 1699

seventeenth Century Timeline, 1600 Through 1699 Significant changes in the fields of theory and science took placeâ during the seventeenth century. Preceding the start of the 1600s, logical studyâ and researchers in the field were not really perceived. Indeed, significant figures and pioneers, for example, the seventeenth century physicist Isaac Newton were at first called normal scholars in light of the fact that there was nothing of the sort as the word researcher all through the vast majority of the seventeenth century. However, it was during this period that the rise of recently concocted machines turned out to be a piece of the every day and monetary existences of numerous individuals. While individuals examined and depended upon the pretty much dubious standards ofâ medieval speculative chemistry, it was during the seventeenth century that a progress to the study of science occurred. Another significant advancement during this time was the evolutionâ from crystal gazing to astronomy.â So before the finish of the seventeenth century, the logical upheaval had grabbed hold and this new field of study had set up itself as the main society-forming power that included numerical, mechanical, andâ empirical collections of information. Outstanding researchers of thisâ era incorporate the astronomer Galileo Galilei, logician Renã © Descartes, creator and mathematician Blaise Pascal, and Isaac Newton. Here is a briefâ historical rundown of the best innovation, science, and development hits of the seventeenth century. 1608 German-Dutch exhibition creator Hans Lippershey imagines the first refracting telescope. 1620 Dutch manufacturer Cornelis Drebbel develops the soonest human-controlled submarine. 1624 English mathematician William Oughtred develops theâ slide rule. 1625 French doctor Jean-Baptiste Denys develops a strategy for blood transfusion. 1629 Italian specialist and draftsman Giovanni Branca creates a steam turbine. 1636 English space expert and mathematician W. Gascoigne develops the micrometer. 1642 French mathematician Blaise Pascal develops the calculator. 1643 Italian mathematician and physicist Evangelista Torricelli develops the gauge. 1650 Researcher and inventor Otto von Guericke develops a pneumatic machine. 1656 Dutch mathematician and scientist Christian Huygensâ invents a pendulum clock. 1660 Cuckoo checks were made in Furtwangen, Germany, operating at a profit Forest area. 1663 Mathematician and space expert James Gregory develops the principal reflecting telescope. 1668 Mathematician and physicist Isaac Newtonâ invents a reflecting telescope. 1670 The main reference to aâ candy caneâ is made. French Benedictine priest Dom Pã ©rignon invents Champagne. 1671 German mathematician and rationalist Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz imagines the computing machine. 1674 Dutch Microbiologist Anton Van Leeuwenhoekâ was the first to see and depict microorganisms with a magnifying lens. 1675 Dutch mathematician, cosmologist, and physicist Christian Huygensâ patents the pocket watch. 1676 English engineer andâ natural philosopher Robert Hookeâ invents the general joint. 1679 French physicist, mathematician, and designer Denis Papin ​invents the weight cooker. 1698 English designer and engineer Thomas Saveryâ invents a steam siphon.

Chinese Footbinding :: essays research papers fc

The antiquated Chinese custom of footbinding caused serious long lasting languishing over the Chinese ladies included. While exploring the subject of footbinding, one of the troublesome things is finding verifiable information composed before the twentieth century. The majority of the recorded information has been assembled from compositions, drawings and photos from the nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years. Furthermore, the examination demonstrates that the verifiable documentation was for the most part from minister records and writing from different enemy of footbinding social orders. These gatherings had a predisposition in light of their restricting perspectives. The main archived reference to footbinding was from the Southern Tang Dynasty in Nanjing (Vento 1). In spite of the fact that the historical backdrop of footbinding is extremely ambiguous it gone on for at any rate one thousand years.Early message alluded to the Han Dynasty as individuals who favored that the ladies have little feet (Vento, 1). Vento likewise recognized the principal archived reference to real official of the feet was from the Tang Dynasty in Nanjing (1). Before the Sung Dynasty Binding was just somewhat choking, taking into consideration free development, they were additionally thought to have utilized footbinding to smother ladies. The Yuan Dynasty brought authoritative into the focal and southern pieces of China. It might have been accentuated to draw an unmistakable social qualification between the Chinese and their enormous footed heros, the Mongols. Footbinding was generally mainstream during the Ming Dynasty, if guardians thought about their children they would not back off of their examinations and in the event that they thought about their little girls they would not back off of their footbinding (Levy, 47-49). One ongoing investigation evaluated that there are as yet one million ladies in China with bound feet. The last Chinese ladies, despite everything living with bound feet in Hawaii, was in 1994 (Kam, D-6).There are numerous legends of how footbinding started, one such legend is Lady Yao, an artist and mistress for Prince Li Yu, hit the dance floor with such elegance that the ruler expected her to tie her feet to look like new moons constantly. Another, is that it started out of the compassion toward Empress Taki who had club feet (Aero, 112-113). In spite of the fact that it has not been demonstrated how footbinding began, perhaps the most compelling motivation the training proceeded for more than 1000 years was it's se xual intrigue (Kam, D-1).Humans have indicated they will do pretty much anything-great, detestable, or in the middle of for sex. Footbinding is an exceptionally striking issue that numerous Chinese don't prefer to discuss.

Death, the Result of Occurrence and Actions Essay Example

Passing, the Result of Occurrence and Actions Essay Example Passing, the Result of Occurrence and Actions Paper Passing, the Result of Occurrence and Actions Paper Life is comprised of opportunities to settle on decisions, choices of what you wish to do; the collected consequence of those decisions is the thing that you call your life (Goodness). As people develop and experience life, they happen upon various circumstances and openings that can radically change and Impact their lives. At last, It Is dependent upon them to settle on the correct choice that will either profit or damage their future. In any case, individuals frequently tumble to recollect that they are living as a general rule and will in general settle on wrong choices that don't have the ideal outcome. Various bits of writing portray how people neglect to settle on the right choices that can frequently bring about inconvenient circumstances. F. Scott Fitzgerald tale, The Great Gatsby is an extraordinary case of how certain activities can prompt dubious circumstances further convoluting life. The three passings that happen In The Great Gatsby are an aftereffect of the choices and activities that the volts make since they tumble to see reality. A couple of individuals would guarantee that Myrtle and George Wilson passed on because of not living in all actuality because of the Jealousy, wretchedness and false impressions that the couple needed to persevere. Myrtle and Georges unreasonable conduct and imprudent choices eventually drove them to their demise. Despite the fact that Jealousy and wretchedness were feelings that Influenced their choices for the duration of their lives, It was their absence of consideration and Inability to concentrate on reality that had, at some point or another, drove them to their demise. This likewise identifies with another character in the novel, Jay Gatsby, who lets his feelings cloud his Judgment and neglect to understand that it will just purpose inconvenience and demolition at long last. At the point when not living in all actuality, unreasonable and hurried choices are made which can lead individuals to e trapped In ghastly circumstances. Such choices are made when Individuals just glance at their own viewpoint of a circumstance, as opposed to monitoring their environmental factors. This is ceaselessly shown in The Great Gatsby and happens because of Myrtles passing. It is unmistakably unequivocal in the novel, that Myrtle Wilson didn't have any kind of fondness towards her better half. She continually grumbled about George saying, The main insane I was the point at which I wedded him. I realized immediately I committed an error, (Fitzgerald 39). This error of marriage that Myrtle submits doesn't settle her fulfillment measures. This lone intensifies her absurd conduct, at last prompting her passing. Myrtle accepted that she merited a high-class man who was well off and amazing rather than the lower-class George. It was anything but an unexpected that Myrtle would look for different strategies to be with a high-class man. Myrtle was excessively up to speed in her fantasy about being with the rich Tom Buchanan, that she was careless in regards to the way that he just utilized her for his pleasure. At the point when Myrtle sees Tom with another lady In his vehicle, she Is Instantly loaded up with Jealousy and outrage. I Jordan Baker, whom she took to be his significant other (131). The main thing Myrtle appears to grasp is the lady in the vehicle. She quickly accepts that lady is Toms spouse, when as a general rule it could be any lady in his vehicle, that isnt his significant other. This occasion develops the pressure and wretchedness that Myrtle is encountering when she isn't bringing reality into question. Myrtle at that point settles on the nonsensical choice to stop Toms vehicle, she ran out there a the one originating from Nor thump directly into her going thirty or forty miles 60 minutes (147). This episode exhibits that Myrtle settles on a rushed choice to seek after the existence she once vision for herself. Be that as it may, her off-base activities leave her to be torn open, blood spilling out of her injuries, as street slaughter (151). The demise of a friend or family member can definitely change a people life until the end of time. It is significant for individuals to comprehend that they ought not let feelings control their life. In any case, here and there it turns out to be unreasonably hard for an individual to deal with their crazy feelings, that they settle on an inappropriate choices. In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, it is apparent that George Wilson, lets his feelings have command over his brain, driving him to settle on poor choices because of Myrtles demise. Myrtles passing makes George go into misery and carry on just as he was sent to a shelter for schizophrenia. At that point I saw Wilson remaining on the raised limit of his office, influencing to and fro and holding to the doorposts with two hands (146). This outlines the troubled feelings negatively affecting George. Prior to the fender bender, George was dubious of Myrtle having a relationship with another man. l just got figured out something entertaining the most recent two days, commented Wilson. That is the reason I need to escape (130). George goes into an insane furor when he goes to the incorporation that the individual, who slaughtered his significant other, was a similar individual who she was having an unsanctioned romance with. Mires horrible, George, said his companion. This has been a strain to you and you dont realize what youre saying (166). George begins to think nonsensically, and embarks to locate the proprietor of the yellow vehicle, also called the passing vehicle and recover vengeance by slaughtering Jay Gatsby (144). The truth that George neglects to comprehend is that Jay Gatsby may be the proprietor of the vehicle yet that doesn't completely mean he is the driver that executed Myrtle. In the novel, unmistakably Georges wretchedness in the loss of his adoration drives him to his demise, it was after we began with Gatsby toward the house that the cultivator saw Willows body somewhat way off in the grass, and the holocaust was finished (170). George ended it all since he was unable to live from the torment of Myrtles demise. In actuality it is conceivable to live without ones life partner, everything necessary is time. On the off chance that George permitted himself an opportunity to help push ahead throughout everyday life, he would have had the option to carry on with his life according to common. The results of settling on unreasonable choices of not living reasonably caused George o end it all from the torment of Myrtles passing. Accomplishing something liberal for somebody might be viewed as mindful and kind, yet it can likewise incorporate hurting oneself all the while. In the novel, The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby reliably puts Daisy Buchanan life before his. Gatsby is enamored with Daisy since he initially met her, and since the time then he has made it his crucial become the man she wants. Since an enormous part of Gatsby life was devoted to Daisy, he remains Gatsby was so profoundly enamored with Daisy that he had a fictional universe in his psyche that just comprised of them both. What Gatsby neglected to comprehend is that Daisy was not understanding and proceeded onward from the past they had together, which Gatsby is as yet clutching. Because of his profound feelings for Daisy, Gatsby was resolved to have a similar association they had previously. Im going to fix everything Just the manner in which it was previously, he stated, gesturing emphatically. Shell see, (117). Jay Gatsby was so focused on Daisy that he overlooked reality, making him settle on hurried choices that clearly bring about his passing. He couldnt conceivably leave Daisy until he comprehended what she would do. He was gripping at some last expectation and I couldnt uncovered to shake him free (155). At the point when a vehicle hits Myrtle Wilson in the crotch, the individual that was driving the vehicle was Daisy. Was Daisy Driving? Gatsby answers with, miss, he said after a second, obviously Ill state I was (151). This is case of how Gatsby ensures Daisy and puts her life first. What Gatsby doesn't understand is that by ensuring Daisy he places himself at serious risk. At the point when George understands that Gatsby was the reason for Myrtles demise, he gets resolved to look for retribution by executing him. On the off chance that Gatsby had acknowledged what was happening reality, he could have still been alive. Rather than assuming the fault for Myrtles passing, he could have disclosed to George what precisely occurred during the mishap, which would have been the more sensible alternative. Gatsby put together his activities with respect to what he thought was happening for him, which at last lead to his demise. Taking everything into account, it is without a doubt away from the three passings of Myrtle, George, and Gatsby in The Great Gatsby, were a result of their moves that were made while being neglectful of the real world. In the event that these three characters knew about their environmental factors ether than being absent to the truth, their lives could have been saved. A choice that an individual makes might influence their future decidedly or adversely. This is the reason everybody ought to know about how they settle on choices and take activities upon decisions that happen regularly. Truly individuals should beat various circumstances that expect them to decide, in view of how things happen for them and take the fundamental activities. All things considered as people experience life it is a piece of human instinct for individuals to settle on choices that advantage themselves later on.

Carnivores Examples

Carnivores Examples Carnivores Carnivores areorganisms that need to obtain energy from food by eating another living organism that is not a plant. We often think of carnivores as animals with sharp pointed teeth. However, carnivores as a group are much broader than that. Insects that eat other insects are carnivorous and some plants are carnivorous as well. As long as the animal or plant is not eating a producer which is another plant, then we would discussing a carnivore. Examples of Carnivores: 1. Lions and tigers 2. Praying mantis 3. Spiders 4. Venus fly-trap 5. Eagles 6. Owls 7. Many species of beetles 8. Sharks 9. Crocodiles

Bilingual Education The Dual Language Program - 1224 Words

Sagun Khadka Ms. Scarola English 1113 May 6, 2015 The Dual Language Program Bilingual education is an educational system in which students are taught in both their native and international language. It has been practiced in various forms in different countries of the world. There are still conflicts between people in case of bilingual education because some people prefer bilingual education whereas, some refuse it, depending upon their own thoughts and reasons and they are still arguing about it. Whatever the argument is, bilingual education should be prioritized, especially in the country like United States where thousands of immigrants from all over the world are welcomed every year, because being linguistic has observable practical benefit in an increasingly globalized world rather than being monolingual. Bilingual education also helps maintaining the fluency of the native language, improving the academic proficiency of the second language learned, hence it is the better system of education. The Bilingual programs have shown many benefits academically an d socially to the students. Being significant there are numerous example of people succeeding with the bilingual program; Critics like Temes and Nyika has deliberated bilingual education being effective educational program in cognitive development process of childrens. However, bilingual education program these days seems to be popular in the Asian countries which is famous for cultural diversity. Countries like, Nepal,Show MoreRelatedBenefits of Creating Dual Language Programs Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesDual language is a form of education in which students are taught to read and write in two languages. 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Implementing a two-way Spanish and English immersion program provides students with a unique educational experience in which students have access to instruction in their primary language and a second language, with the goalRead MoreDual Language Education And Education1247 Words   |  5 PagesEven though Brown v. Board of Education ruled segregation in schools unconstitutional, it exists in a different form today. While the most students in schools are in normal classes, English Language Learners are often separated from the rest of the student body. These students, mostly hispanic immigrants, are put in special classes separate from the main student body where they are given special English instruction. They rarely interact with the main student body, and it often seems that theyRead MoreBenefits Of Dual Language Bilingual Education784 Words   |  4 PagesA dual language bilingual education strategy is usually employed in public schools. Typically the minority language students and the majority language students are evenly distributed throughout the classrooms. Both languages are used for instruction with evenly distributed 50/50 time. One teacher shall instruct with the home language while other instruction is in English. The two teachers work collaboratively through all the lessons. Since these students are in mainstream education, it is noRead MoreBilingual Educatio1291 Words   |  6 PagesBilingual language is beneficial for the child’s first language and English development â€Å"Language constitutes us, it gives us meaning and allows us to make meaning, and it develops and abolishes spaces.† (Benjamin, 2002). Critiques of bilingual education continually claim that children can only learn one language at a time after which they are taught a second language (Krashen, 2000). 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Evaluation of Remuneration and Performance Management

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation of Remuneration and Performance Management. Answer: Introduction: The current study focuses on performance management pertaining to Australian Health Service (HWA) and through different sets of metrics; an approach has been made towards facilitating a relevant piece of report regarding prevailing conditions in the HWA. In order to initiate research, multiple set of resources has been utilized in order to provide relevant and rational sets of insights. It can be inferred from the literatures available pertaining to performance management that the performance benchmark are highly fluid in nature. This is owing to the fact that the benchmarks tends to vary based upon industries and economies that they have been based upon. The current paper tends to evaluate the prevalent sets of organizational strategies pertaining to HWA with those that have been construed as benchmarks as regards to academic literature. There is an emphasis upon reviewing and analyzing the existing sets of theories and models pertaining to human resource management, performance mea surement and organizational capabilities amongst others. It can be construed that employees tends to be the most essential asset pertaining to any form of organization irrespective of the fact that such organizations belong to the public or private sector. The primary objective pertaining to the HWA comprises of enhancement of capacity pertaining to workforce, both in the context of domestic and international contexts taking into account different sets of issues emerging out of health workforce. Moreover, the organization also aims towards enhancement of policy regulations, procurement of funds and the arrangements pertaining to employees that enable the supportive reforms. The commitments reading facilitation of workforce performance management tends to be complex when large number of employee is contained in the overall workforce of the organization. There seems to have high degree of pertinence as regards to the databases that tends to facilitate the fact the governmental organizations performance metrics tends to be derived out of non-financial features. There seemed to be high degree of pertinence as regards to the different sets of factors affecting employee motivation, employees inherent sets of values and employees work ethics as regards to the public and private sector organizations. It is to be conceded by the fact that large sets of employees that the HWA tends to cater to require a highly coherent degree of management (health.gov.au, 2016). Due to the enormous degree of complexity concerning getting employee feedbacks, insights into the different sets of motivational factors that tend to get affected through the different sets of services to be expected to be delivered by the HWAs organizations amongst others. Background: In terms of performance pertaining to HWA, the organization tends to be facilitating enhancement of productivity pertaining to delivering health services as can be observed through facilitating cystomer care service for the aged. Moreover, in order to gauge the degree of performance pertaining to the department, it ie required to be noted that over $12 billion were spent with regards to the funding different sets of healthcare facilities (health.gov.au 2016). Moreover, the organization facilitated development in regards to pharamaaceutical testing, taking drastic steps as regards to primary and mental therapies amongst others. It is also relevant to be noted the fact that the employment opportunities coupled with the evaluation and screening processes has a substantial degree of non-alignment in case of private and public sectors. HWA tends to be dependent upon financial management, personnel management coupled with deliverance of services. There has been four sets of metrics as rega rds to performance management, they comprise of engagement pertaining to team, supervisor engagement, job engagement and agency engagement. There seems to be a visible set of emphasis upon HWA in order to facilitate recruitment of graduate employees in terms of health force. Moreover, the organization tends to undertake different sets of screening programs that facilitates high degree of data as re in order to suffice the necessity towards channeling prospective employees. The needs for governments pertaining both developed and emerging economies is towards focusing upon implementing better set of reforms pertaining to public administration, better sets of governance and policy implementation that is backed by high performing workforce. Evaluation of management and organizational strategies: The organizational strategies pertaining to department if healthcare tends to cater to different sets of issues pertaining to providing the different citizens of Australia with health care as well mitigation different set of health risks. Moreover, the department focuses towards implementation of good governance practices in healthcare through regulating the state of health care along with overseeing the services offered by medical practitioners. In order to facilitate service efficiency pertaining to healthcare the organization has undertaken steps such as increasing of evaluation pertaining to medical practices under a period. There are numerous set of parameters as regards to performance evaluation. The primary overview pertaining to framing the performance evaluation policy tends to cater to accountability in terms of performance from lower level of employees to the board members, a relevant degree of accountability policy, escalation processes facilitating recovery of function r ecognition. The organization tends to focus upon multiple set of strategies in order to fulfill its objectives pertaining to facilitation of employment. The primary sets of strategies pertaining to HWA comprises of equipping the health departments in healthcare facilitates with adequate sets of healthcare professionals, nurses, wardens and other facilities coupled with operational facilities. Thereby resulting in a paradigm whereby the workforce section is enabled to contribute towards facilitating the organization towards meeting its objectives. Moreover, through enhancement of the healthcare services that is prevalent in the nation along with improvising departments capabilities, the overall objective of HWA towards servicing the nation through better sets of medical and healthcare facilities. In terms of defining high performance, it can stated that there is no particular set of metrics defining as to what is high performance, there is a sense of fluidity as regards to organizations and industries. Performance metrics tends to vary from industry to industry and sector to sector. For instance, the performance metrics as regards to financial revenue generations tends to vary based upon public sector and private sector undertakings, between emerging markets and developed markets amongst others. The standard of value cannot serve as true performance indicator owing to the inconsistency that it faces as regards to different sectors. High performances has multiple ways of attainment, couple of them can be inferred to be maintenance of an humanistic approach along with an approach that is enabled through rationality. In case of making assumption as regards to humanistic approach, it can be inferred that that performance enhancement of human resources can be facilitated through i nvestment in softer aspects of the human psyche. Moreover, Cappelli and Keller (2014) stated that in order to improve the performance of employee, there ought to be an initiative towards inculcating values onto the employees, betterment of work ethics through several sets of awareness programs. Further, amongst the employees there shall have to be awareness regarding the performance metrics, its specifications, its methods of awarding degrees amongst others coupled with providing financial ands non-financial rewards. There is a substantial degree of distinction between public sector and private as regards to performance management (Burke, Noblet and Cooper 2013). The major forms of distinction arising out of such instance come from the fact that in case of private sector, financial performance is construed as the sole set of metrics (Chalofsky, Rocco and Morris 2014). Where in case of public sectors, non-financial parameters are given more preference when evaluating performance. This can be attributed to the fact that since majority of the revenues pertaining to the government sector arises out of tax revenues. Thereby there is less emphasis upon revenue generation through other means and more upon proper allocation of such revenues into essential sectors such as defense, administration amongst others. The alignment pertaining to the organizations objectives with that of the individual capabilities are construed as relevant in order to facilitate improvements pertaining to human resources in an organizational framework. However, even though the public sector does not emphasize upon the financial metrics in evaluating performances, there is a high degree of emphasis upon cost efficiency. HWAs policies regarding performance management tends to be undertaken through the different sets of datas regards There is a clear-cut visibility regarding the alignment of strategy, systems and processes prevalent in case of HWA. Moreover, it is construed that from a humanis tic perspective, HWA has fulfilled the assimilation of capabilities, cooperative mindsets, relationships and networking amongst others. Evaluation of performance management and alignment: In terms of performance management, it can be construed that the participation by both public and private sectors is aimed towards optimizing the system and prevalent sets of procedures. The role relating to governance is relevant in case of facilitating performance as regards to the achieving and further maintenance of high performance of human resources. The advent of multilevel sets of framework as regards to the high performance management can have multiple ramifications. It can be construed as a development in terms managing workforce performance in general and high employee productivity in particular. The development of performance metrics pertaining to the employees of high performance governance paradigms is based upon the premises that organizational architecture requires to facilitate high growth performance (Chalofsky, Rocco and Morris 2014). Numerous set of factors tends to determine the degree of performance management pertaining to HWA. Primary amongst them can be construed as the degree of adaptability, the quantum of mutuality, the presence of co-ordination, understanding and the capability towards streamlining high degree of improvement in performance management. In terms of strategic capabilities, the department has initiated steps as regards to encouraging policy makers towards undertaking steps that facilitates expoloring innovative sets of heakth practices, nursing and pharmaceutical remedies presented. Moreover, the department has initiated adaptation of operating model that tends to facilitate assimilation of grants and programming functions. Further, the organization has initiated steps as regards to enhancing the quantum of links pertaining to the Health Network and policy-program management. In terms of performance management, analysis regarding the degree of alignment shows the fact that the strategic prio rities pertaining to better healthcare outcomes, minimizing the average rate of readmissions pertaining to the medical care etc. There have been several sets of sub-goals pertaining to the proposed sets of reforms pertaining to the enhancement of overall degree of performance management (Chalofsky, Rocco and Morris 2014). The goal that tends to set parameters as regards to the performance metrics comprises of emphasis upon deliverance, creation of better sets of services amongst others. HWA uses performance metrics in order to maintain orientation towards fulfillment of organizational aims. Moreover, HWA has been able to showcase through their entry exit surveys pertaining to the employees that behaviors of the employees have been aligned with that of the organization strategy. Gerhart and Fang (2014) stated that organizations tends to succeed in cases whereby there is a presence of line of sight coupled with placement of set of employee with right set of skills at right set of time. Alignment of reward management with practice research: The reward management practices that tends to highlight the fact that employee that are properly encouraged and are inculcate sets of values tends to display high degree of contribution (Hutchinson 2014). They are more likely to participate highly into the different sets performance enhancing activities. Thereby, it can be construed that through a culture of non-financial rewards such as recognition coupled with performance-based incentives, it can be sorted that the different sets of holistic approaches as regards to reward management can be undertaken. In terms of motivational culture, rewards system tends to play a significant role. There is a large set of emphasis upon the psychosomatic effect pertaining to the rewards as regards to the psyche of the employee belonging to organization. Moreover, it can be construed that in terms of value recognition there exists a trade off as regard to effectiveness regarding financial and non-financial rewards. Strong recognition culture tends to encourage motivation as can be showcased by the numerous sets of literature that tends to be facilitated through different set of data. The reports that tends to be published through different sets of academic journal and articles tends to facilitate the fact that there seems to be positive correlation pertaining to encouragement provided through rewarding and the subsequent degree of performance. Integration pertaining to HWA: The linking of performance with that of rewards system tends to result in enhancement in the degree of performance owing to the additional sets of motivation received towards improvement. Hvidman and Andersen (2013) stated the fact that employee motivation is determined by the sets of inherent values that the employee has inculcated prior to joining the organization, the values that is infused into from the prevalent work atmosphere of the organization. Moreover, coupled with the set of values there seems to have a high degree of affinity by the employee in particular and workforce in general in order to respond to different sets of financial and non-financial incentives. McCarthy and Hammond (2013) states in the context of employee performance, the degree of alignment between the objectives of the employee and that of the organizations strategies tends to determine the degree of performance that can be gathered through the employees. Moreover, the method of incentivizing and effectiveness of such incentivizing tends to differ based on the organizational context (Shields et al. 2015). For instance, in case of banking and financial sector, rewarding the employees tends to comprise of high quantum of financial bonus disbursements. Whereas, on the other hand in case of not for profit organization, the emphasis is more upon recognition and non financial rewards as providing awards and recognition based on non financial metrics. In case of governmental organizations through the world, there can be observed a disparity between the employee performances and employee incentives. Part of it arises out of the fact that several factors such as revenue generation primarily done through tax collection tends to result in less emphasis upon financial ramifications facilitated by employee performance and more upon facilitating of employee to the qualified citizens. Moreover, the lack of financial metrics as regards to performance, as can be observed in case of majority of governmental organizations (Van Dooren, Bouckaert, and Halligan, 2015). Moreover, there tends to be ambiguity as regards to the effectiveness of metrics currently deployed at the HWA with regards to employee performances obligations. In comparison large sets of conglomerates that tends to employ similar number of employee has put in place large degree sets of performance measurement metrics based upon departments. In case of HWA, there seems of to be a lack of relevant sets of modifications in metrics as regards to the different sets of population that it caters to in terms of medical facilities, h ealthcare amongst others. Moreover, it is also worth noting that any form of governmental organizations tends to rely less upon the degree of data and more upon the ramifications that tends to arise from minimal standards pertaining to performance. Governmental employees in general are subjected to lesser sets of valuation pertaining to the data. The lack of productivity in case of private organizations can result in financial failures and in some instance bankruptcy and liquidation (Van Dooren, Bouckaert, and Halligan, 2015). However, in the context of governmental organization there seems to be lesser degree of probability as regards to liquidation. This is due to the fact that majority of them are service based and does not tends to have high degree of emphasis upon financial results but rather upon streamlining deserving candidates onto public services. This in turn tends to relieve the management of HWA from implementation of rigorous sets of performance measures. Moreover, there is no linking as regards to financial performance of the populations that are being served through the department health served by HWA. Rather linkages are based upon facilitating employment opportunities pertaining to different sets of citizens that fall under different categories and are distinctive. Such distinction concerns the mode of technology used heightening of participation by Australians, protection and regulations pertaining to the community health and safety. There seems to have high degree of relevance as regards to the different sets of coat effective patient cares that are to be facilitated trough implementing newer sets of technologies. Moreover, there can be high degree of relevance pertaining to different sets of databases owing to the fact that the employee management pertaining to HWA seem to be lacking high degree of emphasis as regards to the different sets of performance management metrics as regards to HWA. Performance and reward management evaluation and effectiveness: Multiple ways of dealing with the different sets of factors tends to be dealt with regarding the different set of factors. In case of low performers, there has to be a milder approach as regards employee management (Wiesel and Modell 2014). The degree of performances as regards to the different sets of low performers can be evaluated through a proper identification mechanism where metrics pertaining to attendances, the quantum of work uploaded and the different degree of databases can be observed. In terms of several sets of academic studies that have conducted upon organizations it is to be construed that the low performing employees of the organization tends to be inculcated high degree of databases. The primary reason as regards to the low degree of performance tends to derive out of the fact that large sets of employees are bereft of any degree of necessity to excel. This is owing to their inherent nature, their perspectives as regards to work ethics and large sets products as re gards to the databases. There has been many instances whereby it has been stated that there remains high degree of probability that low performing employee tends to voluntarily contribute to the overall turnover. There requires being emphasis to bring in place reforms pertaining lowering of targets, constant sets of guidance and high degree of data as regards to the different sets of prospects (Osborne, Radnor and Nasi 2013). It can be inferred from the HR theories that in terms of performance management pertaining to the different sets of medium performing employees that there has been an instance whereby the medium performing employees can be provided incentives. This can be done in instances pertaining to both the different sets of factors resulting out of providing of financial bursaries and high degree of non financial rewards in the form of formal recognition and guidance coupled with an awareness program pertaining to the various degree of data bases. There have been instances whereby the different degree of encouragement programs pertaining to medium performing employees has been considered to be effective (Siddiquee 2014). In other contexts, the performance pertaining to the employee can be construed to be relevant and thereby newer sets of motivational strategies through occasional sets of organizational bursaries can be construed as relevant. There have been instances whereby the managerial emphasis required to be evaluated through large sets of productive and prospective sets of performance enhancement measures. Thereby, it can be construed by the fact that there has been instances that the company tends to be resurrected through the academic perspectives pertaining to the data bases. There has been instances whereby the employees are provided adequate sets of incentives but despite that they have not been able to showcase high degree of performance (Subramony and Pugh 2015). It can be construed that there has been instances that bereft of any additional sets of incentives the employees have performed well. Thereby, there appears to be a sense of ambiguity as to which path to take in order to tackle high degree of employee mismanagement and low-level employee performance. There remains employee management schemes whereby large sets of performance metrics can be implemented coupled with facilitation of large sets of data. However, as per the academic theories and models coupled with practical application pertaining to employee management, performance management amongst others there can be high degree of instances. Conclusion: It can be construed from the overall assessment of HWA that the organization tend to have performance management measures in place for enhancing the overall degree of performance based on several paradigms. The different sets of metrics showcased by the HWA however relates to the fact that a large number of amendment pertaining to the workforce management has to be undertaken by the organization. Primary amongst them being, the inclusion of analytics in an enhanced manner to facilitate newer sets of insights onto the different determinants and factors regarding performances (West and Blackman 2015). Moreover, as can be gauged by the current set of literature pertaining to the organizational strategies relating to healthcare, aligning perspectives as regards to the objective of the organization and that of the employees and performance measurement measures there are several factors to be taken into account for HWA. The evolvement of the organization owing to its size and prerogative on employee performance in the larger context rather than the on financial an cost cutting measures has in turn resulted in a considerable degree of ambiguity as to whether the benchmarks that has been set by the organization has in turn been justified . The performance benchmarks, as per available set of academic literature, tend to be varying largely based on the context of the organization. Thereby, despite several sets of performance metrics and benchmarks implemented by HWA, there remains a relevant set of requirement for reviewing the processes and bringing in newer sets of evaluating metrics for enhancement of insights. There can be several sets of database modifications such as bringing in newer sets of behavioral analytics and data analytics tools that are used by private and Multinational Corporation in order to gauge performances onto the HWA framework. The humanistic approaches pertaining to the human resource management have displayed numerous set of evolvements. In terms of the rewards management parameters set by the organization, it would have been beneficial for the linking of performance with financial and non-financial rewards. This is owing to the fact that what is practiced in the private sector would have resulted in better sets of encouragement for the employees for HWA. Governmental organizations, historically has shown an inherent degree of inefficiency that tends to be facilitated through a non profit motive of some of departments pertaining to the government. Recommendation: In terms of performance management, it can be seen that the department has been successful towards facilitating best healthcare facilities pertaining to Australian Citizens. The feedback pertaining to the patients coupled with degree of evaluation can be construed as irrelevant. In terms of data pertaining to the aforementioned issues, it can be inferred that different sets of performance metrics are related to facilitating different sets of effective management, patient care, and regulations etc. The overall sets of performance management have limited degree of relevance pertaining to the overall growth and well-being of the organization. The factors and determinants relevant for the organization goes beyond the realm of performance management, such as sustainability in growth prospects, well being of workforce. References: Burke, R.J., Noblet, A. and Cooper, C.L. eds., 2013.Human resource management in the public sector. Edward Elgar Publishing. Cappelli, P. and Keller, J.R., 2014. Talent management: Conceptual approaches and practical challenges.Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.,1(1), pp.305-331. Chalofsky, N.F., Rocco, T.S. and Morris, M.L., 2014.Handbook of human resource development. John Wiley Sons. Gerhart, B. and Fang, M., 2014. Pay for (individual) performance: Issues, claims, evidence and the role of sorting effects.Human Resource Management Review,24(1), pp.41-52. Hawke, L., 2012. Australian public sector performance management: success or stagnation?.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,61(3), pp.310-328. Head, B.W. and Alford, J., 2015. Wicked Problems Implications for Public Policy and Management.Administration Society,47(6), pp.711-739. health.gov.au, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/annual-report2015-16-cnt1/$File/department-of-health-annual-report-2015-16.pdf [Accessed 13 Nov. 2016]. Hutchinson, S., 2014, July. The importance of communication in fulfilling the strategic role of HRM. InMeeting the Challenge of Human Resource Management: A Communication Perspective(p. 16). Routledge. Hvidman, U. and Andersen, S.C., 2013. The impact of performance management in public and private organizations.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, p.mut019. Legislation.gov.au. (2016). Australian Public Service Commissioner's Directions 2013. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2013L00448 [Accessed 12 Nov. 2016]. McCarthy, A.M. and Hammond, M., 2013, January. Understanding Public Sector Leadership Effectiveness: Do Multiple Perspectives Matter?. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2013, No. 1, p. 16900). Academy of Management. Nica, E., 2013. Organizational culture in the public sector.Economics, Management and Financial Markets,8(2), p.179. Osborne, S.P., Radnor, Z. and Nasi, G., 2013. A new theory for public service management? Toward a (public) service-dominant approach.The American Review of Public Administration,43(2), pp.135-158. publicsector.sa.gov.au, (2016). [online] Available at: https://publicsector.sa.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/20160304-Reward-and-Recognition-Good-Practice-Guide.pdf [Accessed 12 Nov. 2016]. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Siddiquee, N.A., 2014. The Government Transformation Programme in Malaysia: A Shining Example of Performance Management in the Public Sector?.Asian Journal of Political Science,22(3), pp.268-288. Spekl, R.F. and Verbeeten, F.H., 2014. The use of performance measurement systems in the public sector: Effects on performance.Management Accounting Research,25(2), pp.131-146. Subramony, M. and Pugh, S.D., 2015. Services management research review, integration, and future directions.Journal of Management,41(1), pp.349-373. Van Dooren, W., Bouckaert, G. and Halligan, J., 2015.Performance management in the public sector. Routledge. West, D. and Blackman, D., 2015. Performance management in the public sector.Australian Journal of Public Administration,74(1), pp.73-81. Wiesel, F. and Modell, S., 2014. From new public management to new public governance? Hybridization and implications for public sector consumerism.Financial Accountability Management,30(2), pp.175-205.

To what extent can it be argued that Hitler was in fact a weak dictator Essay Example

To what extent can it be argued that Hitler was in fact a weak dictator? Essay At noon, on Monday 30th January 1933, President Hindenburg reluctantly appointed Adolf Hitler Chancellor of Germany. Within 18 months, by terror, threats and semi legal measures, Hitler became Fuhrer, a position in which he held hypothetically limitless power that ultimately led to Germany initiating a World War and the annihilation of six million Jews. However since the 1960s revisionist historians, categorised into two schools, Structuralists and Intentionalists have begun to debate the emphasis on the personal role of Hitler in the Third Reich and the degree to which he was an absolute dictator. Intentionalist Historians such as Bracher and Jackel stress the centrality of Hitlers person and ideology in Nazi Germany. The logic of this interpretation lies in the fact that Nazism rose and fell with Hitler. As Bracher summarised Nazism was in fact Hitlerism. However, Structuralist historians such as Brozat and Mommsen do not deny the importance of Hitlers role but stress the influence of political factors and structures within the state. Mommsen coined the phrase weak dictator. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent can it be argued that Hitler was in fact a weak dictator? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent can it be argued that Hitler was in fact a weak dictator? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent can it be argued that Hitler was in fact a weak dictator? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They emphasise the chaotic structure of the Third Reich under Hitler. There appeared to have been many separate organisations or empires who were actually not controlled directly by Hitler but rather by other members of the Nazi party who would fight among themselves for the highest positions of power, however this strong competition led to chaos rather than a strong system of ordered government. Mommsen believes that Hitler did not have a balancing role, but acted on impulse and delayed important decisions. This served to disrupt the conduct of affairs. Mommsens view is corroborated by Edward Peterson who suggested fearing people trying to please the great one or escape his wrath. The result was the division of denominations into thousands of little empires of ambitious men 1 A good example of these denominations is visible in the education system. Who was really in charge of education policy, which was of such crucial significance to the Nazi regime? Was it Bernhard Rust, the education minister or Baldur Von Schirach the leader of the Hitler Youth, these men and more could claim to have an interest in this system. Nevertheless Bracher believes in the divide and rule theory he says that Hitler adopted a chaotic system on purpose. He quite consciously set up his officials and organisations against each other in order to preserve his own authority as the only person able to resolve problems within the system. In the twelve years of his rule in Germany Hitler produced the biggest confusion in government that has ever existed in a civilised stateit was intentionaluntil it became a despotic tyranny.2 Intentionalists say that Hitlers personal power came from the fact that he was the final authority in the fighting between his subordinates, as well as the fact that gaining access to him was critical to any leader who wanted to thrive this was known as working towards the Fuhrer. It has also been suggested that Hitlers encouragement of conflict revealed his social Darwinist belief that through divergence the best and most efficient individuals would come out on top and the weakest would be exposed. Hitler therefore formed a type of institutional struggle for the survival of the fittest. However, Martin Brozat opposes Brachers view that the disorganized state of the government was Hitlers skilful deployment of divide and rule and believes it was the unavoidable result of Hitlers reluctance and incapability to control the relationship between party and state. Another aspect of Hitlers rule that has come under scrutiny is his life-style. Even the OCR revision notes suggest Hitler had an extraordinary bohemian, lazy life style. This supports the argument that Hitler was actually not omnipotent and omniscient, an image that Josef Goebbels had worked very hard to create. When, I would ask myself, did he really workhe rose late in the morning, conducted one or two official conferences; but from the subsequent dinner on he more or less wasted his timehis rare appointments were imperilled by his passion for looking at building plans. In the eyes of the people Hitler was the leader who watched over the nation day and night. This was hardly so. This primary account of Hitlers lifestyle was written by Albert Speer, Hitlers personal architect, Hitler became strongly attached to his assistant and awarded him the Golden badge of honour. Speer had admired Hitler for years and so this criticism is even more compelling, Speer had said of Hitler in 1931 Here it seemed to me was hope. Here were new idealsDangers of communism could be stopped, Hitler persuaded us, and instead of hopeless unemployment, Germany could move towards economic recovery. It would seem that what Speer had admired was in fact the new ideals and when working with the man who was meant to deliver these became disillusioned. Considering the attachment Hitler had to Speer and the amount of time the pair spent together I would conclude that this comment is a very reliable account of Hitlers lifestyle. There was no organised forum for the discussion of government policies. After 1934 the importance of the Reich Cabinet diminished and it did not meet at all after 1937. How then were government policies made and by whom? It is said that many organisations would send representatives to see Hitler to try and influence him in decision making. As many ministers in charge of departments might not have the opportunity to speak to Hitler for months or years on end. Ministerial skill consisted in making the most of a favourable hour or minute when Hitler made a decision, this often taking the form of a remark thrown out casually, which then went on its way as an Order of the Fuhrer.3 Fritz Weidemann, one of Hitlers adjutants reinforces this perspective; It became more and more difficult to get him to make decisions which he alone could make as head of state he disliked the study of documents. I have sometimes secured decisions from him, even ones about important matters, without his ever asking to see the relevant files. He took the view that many things sorted themselves out on their own if one did not interfere. An example of these decisions that Hitler alone could make was on D-Day when Hitler was sleeping and had a do not disturb sign on his door, the generals wanted permission to change their plans to deal with new circumstances, but could not get permission from Hitler and consequently could not drive back troops. This highlights a weakness in the system created by Hitler in which only he could make decisions but sometimes he wasnt interested in making them which is of course a major flaw as it meant that on occasions such as this people could not go use their own initiative which results in less success for Germany. Weidemanns post-war comment can be interpreted as reliable as after the war most of Hitlers adjutants said that Hitler was in complete control of all policies and manipulated them into complying (i.e. the holocaust). However Weidemanns comment does not strengthen this common excuse, and in describing Hitlers lifestyle in this way he is on some levels accepting responsibility for any actions he participated in. All this examined evidence suggests weakness in Hitlers control. However Intentionalists say that Hitler had to be detached from the day to day running of the Third Reich so that he was able to protect his personal prestige, Similar to a Medieval Monarchs way or ruling. When Germans had complaints they tended to blame particular organisations or Nazi henchman, but not Hitler himself, precisely because he was such an aloof figure in Nazi Germany. Another argument in support of the intentionalist view is that at no point did Hitler try to rationalise the chaotic structure of the Third Reich, but the opposite, continually made the chaos worse by authorising the formation of new power centres. For example in 1936 when he began the economic preparations for war he did not turn to a previously existing organisation but decided to create a new one (4 year plan under Goering) whose powers overlapped those of the other economic ministries. In some occasions peoples different interpretations of what Hitler wanted would clash and therefore is a weakness as Hitlers will was not always carried out and would also result in the men who are meant to be running the country spending their time arguing. It would have been far more effective to have core groups or individuals dedicated to running each department, although the confusion and chaos caused by the rivalling did keep him in power. A close examination of Hitlers role in the Third Reich as carried out by Ian Kershaw in his mastery two-volume biography of Hitler, explores the Hitler Myth. the Hitler myth was consciously devised as an integrating force by the Nazi regime who were well aware of the need to manufacture consensus. The man credited with the creation of the Hitler myth was Joseph Goebbels, who was appointed Reich minister for propaganda and enlightenment in March 1933. The fundamental nature of the Hitler myth was that Hitler was both a man of the people and one who stood above the people. A main part of the myth is that Hitler was all powerful and omniscient. Although the Hitler Myth is generally considered to be completely successful it did have a negative aspect, it meant that Hitler would have been unable to take a hands on approach in order to retain the myth that he was above the people, again like a medieval monarch All this was closely related to Hitlers own views on the psychology of the masses, which he spoke of in Mein Kampf. He was aware of how important his omnipotent image was to his leadership position and to the strength of his regime. In 1930, in an interview with Otto Strasser, a leading opponent within the Nazi party, Hitler summed up the thinking behind the use of Nazi propaganda; The mass of the working classes want nothing but bread and games. They will never understand the meaning of an ideal, and we cannot hope to win them over to one. What we have to do is select from new master-class men who will not allow themselves to be guided, like you by the morality of pity. Those who rule must know they have the right to rule because they belong to a superior race, This comment from Hitler and his clear understanding of the effects of propaganda and psychology is a definite area that highlights the belief that Hitler was a master dictator, this talent or ability almost certainly allowed him to progress to the extent that he did, However this could also be viewed as arrogance and demonstrates the cynical view that Hitler was interested in building a great Germany, not great people. Both schools of thought could argue the position on Hitlers popularity. From a structuralists perspective it would seem that the people did not actually freely admire Hitler but were either terrorised into supporting him or manipulated into liking him so that what they thought were their own opinions were actually being fed to them via the media through Goebbels propaganda. However an intentionalist could argue this point in saying that having the ability to manipulate millions of citizens shows what a strong leader Hitler actually was, another avenue they could explore is that it wouldnt have been possible to impose on the people if they hadnt help create this image. Propaganda was above all only effective if it is building on a belief that is already subconsciously present. it must also be recognised that the dictator was only the extreme exponent of a chain of anti humanitarian impulses set free by the lapse of all institutions, legal and moral barriers4 There is also a dispute among structuralists and intentionalists about the relationship between Hitler and the Nazi economy. Structuralists often argue that Hitler was on some levels a captive of economic forces that were beyond his control. They do not believe that Hitler was in a position to act against the powerful interests of big business. For this reason industry in Nazi Germany was not controlled directly by the state but allowed a large amount of self-sufficiency. Hjalmar Schacht, a fervent nationalist became a supporter (never member) of the Nazi party. He helped Hitler secure financial support from the rich Rhineland industrialists from 1930 onwards. Hitler rewarded him in March 1933 by making him President of the Reichbank and later Reich minister of economics. By a law of 3 July 1934 Schacht was given dictatorial powers over the economy and contributed as much as Hitler to the construction of the Third Reich. As long as I remained in Office, whether at the Reichsbank or the ministry of economics, Hitler never interfered with my work. He never attempted to give me any instructions, but let me carry out my own ideas in my own way and without criticism However, when he realised that the moderation of my financial policy was a stumbling block in his reckless plans (foreign policy) he began to go behind my back and counter my arrangements. This account from Schacht shows a lack of interaction from Hitler, this does however illustrate strength in Hitler, he was content in letting Schacht do what he wished until it went against his own foreign policy of going to war, and then he efficiently got rid of him. Dismissing Schacht does also contradict the viewpoint that Hitler was a captive of economic forces. Hitlers main aim concerning economics was autarky (self-sufficiency) in order to provide for Germany during wartime and to prevent food blockades similar to those of WW1, this may sound like a good idea, however it made absolutely no economic sense during peacetime as instead of importing high quality products at cheap prices Hitler made sure that products were produced in Germany, not only were these products of a lower quality but they also cost ore to produce. Another dispute that is sometimes argued by structuralists is that Hitler wanted to prepare Germany for war and in order to do this had to persuade the German people that there was a need to go to war, he had seen and learnt from crucial mistakes made in world war one, Hitler was determined to go to war with the united people behind the Fuhrer. He did not want to impose any burdens on his people (e.g. getting them to fund the preparations through taxes etc), as he believed that Germany had lost world war one due to a lack of morale at home. However because Hitler was reluctant to make his people pay for the war it meant that the process of rearmament did not take place on a stable economic basis, this resulted in Germany not being able to re-arm adequately enough, this and the amount being spent of the military lead to a damaging economic situation. Tim Mason, a British Marxist historian stated that Hitler was planning a war by 1943. However by 1938 economic preparations for war were in severe trouble. In an attempt to resolve the crisis the Nazis attempted to make the German workers work longer hours for no benefits. According to Mason unsurprisingly the workers responded to this by absenteeism, unofficial strikes and working poorly. This gave workers a powerful position because by this time there was a serious shortage of labour. As a result of the workers resistance, the Nazis were forced to accept defeat and discard their efforts to resolve this economic crisis through exploiting the working class. Masons analysis does support the idea of a weak dictator as the people were only prepared to accept Hitler when he did what they wanted. This left Hitler with only one-way of resolving the crisis. Foreign expansion. Hitler invaded Austria and Czechoslovakia in 1938 and Poland in 1939, not with the intention to begin a war but because he needed to find a way of solving Germanys economic problems. Because the German people would not pay Hitler had to make the citizens of other countries pay. Mason believes this to be a clear example of Hitlers freedom being limited by structural economic factors. The problem was as Tim Mason put it, that the regime was trying to have its cake and eat it. It wanted to re-arm as fast as possible and at the same time protect the consumer; it wanted to have both butter and guns. However, Intentionalist Historians persistently reject the idea that Hitler was in any way a prisoner of economic forces that he could not control. In fact, they argue that it was Hitler who imprisoned the economy by subordinating it to his political objectives. This can be reinforced because not all of Hitlers objectives made good economic sense such as encouraging women to remain at home and supporting small businesses, as women would be needed for work during the war and to boost the economy and big business would have been more valuable to the Nazi cause in producing armaments and weapons etc, Hitler was however forced to accept that some women would have to work and some big businesses allowed to operate, this could be viewed as a weakness as he went against his own policy or it could show as I believe that Hitler was willing to do what ever was necessary in order to have a successful war even if it meant temporarily rejecting his own ideology. According to Karl Bracher The very fact that a capitalist economy could be led to war in so non- economic a fashion and mobilised fully only during the war itself proves the absolute primacy of political goals. Here, too Hitler was anything but an instrument of the capitaliststhe cooperating experts and economists were instruments not originators of this policy. This intriguing argument has been debated for fifty years and still shows no signs of being resolved, the complex and unique dynamic of the Third Reich makes this impossible which is why the arguments on both sides are so compelling. The conclusion to this argument depends on what is meant by a weak dictator,if weak means unable to impose his will then Hitler was definetly a strong dictator, however if by weak you mean Hitler was so powerful that he made himself too necessary then he was weak as I have shown he was not always interested in ruling. Hitlers way of ruling may in hindsight have lead to a weak country as Germany did not win the war but this did not necessarily make him a weak dictaor as he was able to control If by strong meaning an inspirational leader, he did remain a symbolthe fuhrer myth lasted . Wasnt effective a governing. Overall the key issue encompassing the historical debate of master and weak dictator lies in I think how much influence the individual has in shaping history, and no-one can deny that Hitler had a colossal influence in shaping the course of history and was therefore I believe not a weak dictator. His role was far too central and important. In a very real sense Bracher was correct Nazism was in fact Hitlerism, in this respect the Intentionalists are correct, but neither was Hitler a strong dictator in the sense that he enjoyed direct control over the state and society which he led and in this sense Structuralists are right. Hitler was actually a dictator of a primarily different kind. His power did not dwell in his ability to issue direct commands or in his direct control over the party or state, quite the opposite, his power lay in the willingness of the Germans to work towards the Fuhrer and his ability to manipulate millions, not just his own people, even Chamberlain said I got the impression that here was a man who could be relied upon when he had given his word. In some respects his impression was correct as Hitler had a fixed programme from the 1920s until his last days in the Berlin bunker in 1945, and his actions were steered by an unwavering ideology. If I were to place myself in one of the schools of thought It would have to be Intentionalist, the main simplified reasoning for this decision is that like the majority of the German nation did, I find Hitler captivating especially his style of dictatorship, I believe that an individual that had the power to manipulate not only one country must have been a strong dictator.

Chronology of Ancient Egypt essays

Chronology of Ancient Egypt essays A Summary of The Mesopotamia and the Ancient Egypt were two provinces where archeology and history were very important. Scientists tried to discover and learn more about these lost civilizations but even the radiocarbon techniques cant improve their research. According to K. A. Kitchen, today the Egyptian civilization is well known by its series of Pharaohs and Kings that reigned the whole Kingdom during more than thirty dynasties. These dynasties started approximately a thousand years before the reign of Manetho. In the ninetieth century, scientists tried to divide these dynasties in seven periods. Like K. A. Kitchen said, there are resources in archeology that allow a best comprehension of the second millennium BC. Because of the Ancient Egyptian translation to Greek, there are may data that are uncertain. Its impossible to have the perfect translation because more than 20% of the original text is lost during this translation (K.A. Kitchen) Archeologists found five lists of kings. They found a list of the antecedent kings that reigned the great temple of Amun before Tuthmosis III, at Karnak. They only found the name of kings without dates. Two other lists of kings date from the time of Ramesses II and Sethos I, and have been found in the temple of Abydos. ( K.A. Kitchen ) Two list of seventy Pharaohs, from the founder to the last one. Another list like the previous one was in the tomb of Tunuroy. These lists of kings came from the Archaic period, the Old, the Middle and the New kingdom. The last document found was the only one that gave an uncompleted list of the Pharaohs but with their dates. But this stone has been broke 160 years ago. But all the information that scientists have is fragments and they will never be perfectly sure of their theories because there are many way of interpreting the history of archaic period with fragments. ( K.A. Kitchen ) ...

Applying theoretical ethics to applied ethics Essay

Applying theoretical ethics to applied ethics - Essay Example Passive euthanasia is assisting the patient to die with non provision of treatment or life sustaining procedures to save the patient’s life. The permissibility of each however is bombarded with many controversies making proponents of each view provide intelligent arguments and examples to indicate their point. Generally, the argument lies on the morality of active and passive euthanasia. Rachel claims that active and passive euthanasia has no moral difference and that both should be accepted with equal treatment. A different view holds that the morality of euthanasia depends on what the person cares about. This paper is going to argue that the stand of Rachel on active and passive euthanasia uses only hypothetical imperatives. Hypothetical is defined by Foot as â€Å"acts which are good only as a means to something else†. The paper has the following structures. Part 1 is going to explicate Rachel’s argument on active and passive euthanasia. Part 2 will present my arguments using the idea of Foot that the morality of active killing and passive omission is situated on what a person cares about. Part 1 Rachel claim there is no moral difference between active and passive euthanasia. The morality depends on how people view active killing and passive omission of duty. ... Most people look at active killing as more evil owing to the reason that the cause of death would be the action of the physician. On the contrary, if the medical team refrains from resuscitating a terminally ill patient in a situation where she/he is in cardiac arrest, it is acceptable because it is inculcated in the mind of many that it is the right thing to do. Passive method is not considered evil since the cause of death would be the illness itself although there is a deliberate withholding of foods and treatments. The ultimate result of withholding treatment is not directly seen and connected with death making passive euthanasia acceptable to most people. Another factor influencing the view of people on active killing and passive omission is how death is conceptualized by many. In most part of the globe, death is considered bad or evil since a love one is expected to die. The painful separation from that person and the unacceptable truth that death is inevitable makes death evil and people who cause it goes with that concept. If the doctors caused the death through injection, he is considered evil. Letting die on the other hand is viewed as natural death regardless of the intentional omission of a duty to care, feed, comfort, and most especially to treat the sick. Rachel is clear in maintaining his point that there is no difference in the morality between active and passive methods even in situations where the physician simply does not act. It was pointed out that omission of duty does not mean lesser evil more so that it does not justify the end. Omission of the act has the same ultimate goal with that of active killing. The difference is situated in how the act is done. For instance,

The Relationship Between Gender And Politeness Essay

The Relationship Between Gender And Politeness - Essay Example Sara Mills gives a new dimension to both the terms – gender and politeness. Gender and politeness cannot be generalized. It has to be analyzed in the perspective of the race, class, the particular situation. Mills states that politeness has to be observed over a period of time and it should be seen within the context of the community of practice. Women adopt different strategies in different situations. A general notion prevalent is that women talk more than men talk and are more vocal about their feelings but an experiment proved otherwise. Marjorie Swagger gave three pictures to men and women separately and they were asked to describe it in as much time as they wanted. The average time that men took was 13 minutes while the women averaged at 3:17 minutes. Women should talk less and men should remain ‘calm’ has been culturally accepted by all societies around the world. According to Nancy Bonvillain, women use more polite speech than do women; they are more conscious of the honor of the person or the hearer. Society has predominantly been male-dominated and they have been asserting themselves at every stage. Traditionally a woman first was under the protection of her father, then at the mercy of the husband and finally under the son. She was never allowed to assert herself. It was considered a disgrace if a woman was aggressive in her speech. It was always expected that a woman should ‘behave like a lady’. A ‘lady’ is synonymous with calm and peace. She always had to look up to the man in her life.

The Fact Statement of Alcoholism Essay Example for Free

The Fact Statement of Alcoholism Essay The above mentioned students were scheduled for grievance hearing together with their parents in the grievance office last October 19, 2012 at 2:00 PM. Mrs. Buenaflor our presiding chairman introduced the committee members. Mr. Bobiles started the questioning to Bai Rachma Carnain. When asked what kind of liquor did she bring and how many milliliters. Bai Rachma brought one can of San Miguel Lights. Mrs. Catubigan asked why she brought the liquor inside the school. She brought the liquor to show off and compete to other classmates. Mr. Bobiles asked why inside the school. Due to family problem (she kept silent for three minutes and cried). Furthermore, to catch attention and recognized by her father. Mrs. Catubigan asked that now she catch the attention of her father what was the result. She answered none. Mr. Bobiles asked if not reported by Tigno to your group, was she going to drink it. She answered yes, outside the school. Mrs. Buenaflor enlightened the students by giving advised. Now that they knew how much their parent loves them, cares and gave them attention. As a return, they must love themselves and not to misbehave. The father of Bai Rachma told the committee that he always teaches her a lesson and discipline every day. Mr. Bobiles follow up a question, what was his plan regarding his daughter. He wants to get his daughter to live with him, but Bai Rachma refused to live with his new family. The co-chairman proceeded to Rachel Devera. She narrates the incident accordingly. Bai Rachma told her group that she brought liquor. She volunteered to open it but Bai Rachma insisted to open the can to show to her friends that she’s an expert and drunk. After that, the can was given to her and drunk. The can was given to Juarez and drunk. Mr. Bobiles read Rachel’s written statement and confirmed if she shouted â€Å"Mga tropa, mag-inuman tayo!† inside the classroom. Rachel was hesitated to answer the question. Mrs. Catubigan seconded the question and be consistent to her statement. After a few minutes, she answered for fourth times she was asked by Mr. Bobiles. She was afraid to admit that she shouted. Rogelene confirmed that Rachel shouted. The intention of influenced to drink is there. When asked if she saw someone was smoking, let’s smoke also. Rachel answered no. Bai Rachma influenced the group inside the classroom, but beforehand her group was already drinking liquor. In addition, Rachel transferred the  liquor in an empty bottle of Mountain Dew. Mr. Bobiles asked the participation of Jhialyn Loyola was not able to report the incident to the authorities. But she questioned the group of Bai Rachma why did they bring liquor. From the time that she smelled the liquor and was disgusted on the odor of it she ignored them. When asked if there’s someone who invited to drink, she answered none. Mr. Bobiles asked the group even if Bai Rachma brought the liquor, did anyone refuse to her invitation. The group kept silence. Mrs. Catubigan followed up a question if the group was aware of her family problem. Rachel answered yes, since she was telling it to the group. The problem of Bai Rachma was compared to the Pinoy Big Brother contestant who has similar problem like her. But she managed to control her behavior and become positive in life. Mr. Bobiles proceded the questioning to Rhysia Royce Juarez and asked how she was invited to drink. The liquor can was given by Mariella Tigno. When asked if she have an idea what does the bottle contained of and drunk it. Rhysia knew that it was liquor and confirmed that she drunk it. After that, she gave the bottle to Rachel and lastly to Bai Rachma. But nothing has left. Findings: After careful assessment, the grievance committee has reasons to believe that Bai Rachma Carnain, Rachel Devera, Rogelene Marcadejas, Rhysia Royce Juarez are guilty of the offense imputed against them. Jhialyn Loyola was still liable disregarding the offense of her classmates and did not report the incident to the authorities. Decision: After thorough investigation, the grievance committee ruled by decisions that Bai Rachma Carnain meted 40 days suspension, Rachel Devera meted 20 days suspension, Rogelene Marcadejas meted 10 days suspension, Rhysia Royce Juarez meted 10 days suspension. Jhialyn Loyola was reprimanded and will be given counseling session by the guidance office. The group will not be admitted to school until further notice. Mariella Tigno was put on contempt due to her non-appearance and her parents.

Narrative Frames and Ambiguity in Henry James The Turn of The Screw Es

Narrative "frames" and Ambiguity in The Turn of The Screw   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since it was written, Henry James' The Turn of The Screw has been acclaimed by numerous critics to be one of the most immaculate, engrossing and terrifying ghost stories ever produced. Harriet Waters Preston described it as, "a sheer mortal horror, like the evil dream of a man under the spell of a deadly drug"1, and Gertrude Atherton said, "[it] is the most horrifying ghost story ever written!"2 I will argue that it is the narrative frames enclosing The Turn of The Screw that are largely responsible for the reception the book has received. They serve two main purposes; one, to build up an element of suspense and tension before the governess's account actually begins, thus heightening the potential for horror and terror in the text; and two, to cast uncertainty on the reliability of the narrators and hence to increase the ambiguity and scope for interpretation of the text. In fact, I will argue that these frames do not assist the reader in interpreting the action, but are actually used by James to deliberately confound the reader and foster an ambiguous atmosphere. At first glance there appear to be three narrative frames surrounding the governess' account. At the outermost level we have the voice of the narrator. The narrator tells us of a time when they were one of several guests staying at the abode of a character named "Griffin". Whilst there, the narrator heard the governess's tale, as told by Douglas over a period of several nights. Although the narrator was not at Bly, nor did they take any part in the tale of the governess, it is the narrator's retelling of this story that the reader receives. Within this is the reading by Douglas, who ... ...: Macmillan, 1968). Troy, William, "The Altar of Henry James" in Tanner, Tony, ed., Henry James Modern Judgements (London: Macmillan, 1968). Endnotes 1 Gard, Roger, ed., Henry James The Critical Heritage (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968), pp. 333. 2 Ibid, pp. 361. 3 Sheppard, E. A., Henry James and The Turn of the Screw (Suffolk: Oxford University Press, 1974), pp. 17. 4 James, Henry, "The Turn of the Screw" in Hampl, Patricia, ed., The Houghton Mifflin Anthology of Short Fiction (Boston: Hougton Mifflin Company, 1989), pp. 617. 5 Ibid, pp 617. 6 Ibid, pp. 617. 7 Ibid, pp. 620. 8 Gard, pp. 275. 9 Hosking, Rick, lecture for English 1A: ENGL 1003, Flinders University, 12th March 1996. 10 Tanner, Tony, ed., Henry James Modern Judgements (London: Macmillan, 1968), pp. 33. 11 Sheppard, pp. 15. 12 Ibid, pp. 15.

Sun Zis Art Of War

We all recognize that a large force has numerical power and when they move in groups, they are able to defeat a lot of challenge, but one mortal characteristics of a large force in my mind is flexibility. It cannot move fast because request from one point will take a long time to travel to the critical and important places in the force. This makes a large force less agile than a small force and we all know speed is of the aspect both in war and business. ‘ Organization Structure' defined how is tour company structured?How many departments are there? How many levels are there between the head of department to the lowest level? These are some of the inquiry you should follow up when you are surveying your organization structure. You also have to determine if there is a need to build a new department for a certain objective. ‘Formation' now in those days, when Sun Uzi was writing the book , formations would refer to how the infantry, army and chariots are arranged and positi oned in the battlefield. You would then ask, what is formation' in the business world?It compress to how you piece your employees. Communication' is the next important condition, you need to have information flow to related departments and critical staff. But there is one particular way where it could delay information progress and that is human fault. An account would then be effective here. Organization may have to manage a structure such that employees who take right actions are satisfied. Line 5. 19 & 5. 20 When gushing torrential water tosses stones and pushes boulders, it is because of the force created by its momentum.When the ferocious strike of an eagle breaks the body of its prey, it is because of the exact moment and timing of its engagement. Sun Uzi used two analogies to accent the importance of TV conditions and they are timing and momentum. With momentum, even the eagle was able to break the body of the prey without much effort and water that does not have a solid shap e is able to push big stones and with good timing. When the gushing torrential water tosses stones pushing boulders, it is because of the force of its momentum. When the cruel beat of an eagle, breaks the body of its prey, it is because of the timing of the strike.Thus the momentum and ores of the skillful in battle are so murderous and overwhelming and his timing of engagement is swift and precise. MOMENTUM Where and how can we use momentum in business? One condition where we can use momentum is advertising. Where you are entering into a new market, the first most important thing you should do is to establish your marketing operation properly. Your marketing operation must set up momentum, having continuous and stable disclosure of your products and brand to the new consumers, repetition help consumers to remember your product and brand better.Approach to make the consumers remember your brands and products are slogans, jingles, logos and many more. Many consumers have favored sens es to absorb and learn things. Logos would demand to people who are more visual in slogan, jingles, learning would appeal more to people who are more auditory. That is reason why most of the marketing operation has both. Repetition would create momentum for your advance into a new market. You are able to let yourself be remarked in the new market and user. Do some analysis on those competitors who are running in the new markets you are advancing.TIMING Good timing can make flourish and bad timing can make kill. If we are able to time our selling an purchase of shares well, we would obtain the maximum amount of profits. The timing of entering a new market is very important to our business. There are two conditions, which is knowledge and experience to help us able to get the right timing in our business. Knowledge allows us to gauge a range of time when opportunities is about to happen as such we can make establishment to take the opportunity.We can earn consistent knowledge on our o wn but to be able to grasp the timing rightly, it would irately depend on attitude and experience. Because timing is like shooting an arrow, you can have knowledge of the wind guidance, the bows strength, the angle to shoot at and many more, but when it comes to practical, which is releasing the arrow, it takes experience. In the other hand, these is good and bad timing to execute business decisions. Bad economic times although results in lower sales, it also means lower costs of development as well.As the common phrase said, ‘Practice makes perfect' it never says ‘Knowledge makes perfect'. 5. 5 In any battle situation and condition, there are only the direct and indirect approaches and forces. Sun Uzi mentioned to use direct force to match the enemy and using indirect force to win the enemy. And in the next few sentences, he mentioned that the combinations of these two types of forces are infinite and its communications and can produce awesome results. In battle, use th e direct forces to match the enemy, and use the indirect forces to win the enemy.So that, the person who is skillful at using indirect forces, can use it in flow of water in streams and rivers. Direct and indirect forces are like the beginning and the end and also like the ever changing character of the sun and moon, direct and indirect forces recover and disappear like the changes of the four seasons. There are Only five basic notes but their modifications and combinations can create many musical grade that one is not possible to hear them all. There are only five basic colors, but their mixes and matches produce so many visuals that one is not possible to view them all.There are only five basic flavors, but their blends and mixtures produce so many tastes that one is not Seibel to taste them all. In the battle, there are only the direct and indirect forces. However the changes and combinations between the two are infinite. Their communications and combinations are like two never-e nding, interlink rings where possibilities of its beginning and endings cannot be determined. The indirect forces in battle would be related to the intangibles. Direct forces in the battle would be related to the pricing or quality of products or services in business, factors that are easily duplicated by competitors. Rice and laity can be easily simulated but it is the intangibles that are difficult to duplicate, it usually gives a business a sustainable competitive edge over his rivals and allows differentiation between services and products easily. Try to relevant as much as possible, but concentrate of using indirect forces as well as you can.

Evaluation Of The 10 Essential Public Health Services

This paper is about the evaluation of the 10 essential Public Health Services and how they can be helpful in the prevention of HIV in communities across the nation. In addition, the paper depicts how the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) has been able to incorporate the 10 essential public health services in its fight against HIV disease. The paper will discuss the assessment of the HIV disease situation in Chicago neighborhoods; policy development by the Chicago Department of Public Health and the assurance that solutions to priority problems are based on scientific evidence. Furthermore, the interconnection of the various essential public health service in the prevention and treatment of HIV and the support the department has for the families of their resident that are afflicted with HIV virus will be discussed. Finally, an inferred conclusion will be drawn from my research about the efficiency of the Chicago Department of Public Health and their incorporation of th e 10 essential public health functions in their services to those HIV-positive residents in the city of Chicago. According to the CDC (2015), more than one million people are living with HIV in the United States, and more than 50,000 become newly infected each year. Unfortunately, one in five Americans living with HIV are unaware of their infection. 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